Essays --

Paul Rà ©e, an English psychologist, wrote The Origin of the Moral Sensations in 1877. Through this text, he separated morality from God, in order to find a naturalistic source for things like altruism. He discusses an idea of altruistic emotional motivation, such as pleasure, usefulness (benefits), and the avoidance of pain. Nietzsche argues against Rà ©e’s notions, saying that morals do not come from usefulness, pleasure or the avoidance of pain, but through will to power. His notion of will to power is an instinct for independent freedom. This notion is manifested differently in different people, depending on individual traits and circumstances. In his first essay, Good and Evil, Good and Bad, he explains the manifestations of power and how they are viewed. He differentiates the manifestations of the will to power in two categories: Master Morality and Slave Morality. The master morality is the notion that, â€Å"†¦the noble, powerful, high-stationed and high-minded, who felt and established themselves and their actions as good†. The word â€Å"good† in this sense is not a good represe...